St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City. / Credit: Xosema (CC BY-SA 4.0)

ACI Prensa Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 13:37 pm (CNA).

The Vatican published on Dec. 4 the summary of the work carried out by the commissions studying the possibility of admitting women to the diaconate, presented to Pope Leo XIV by Cardinal Giuseppe Petrocchi.

Petrocchi, the president of the Study Commission on the Female Diaconate created by Pope Francis, stated that — with seven votes in favor and one against — the possibility of admitting women to the diaconate as a degree of the sacrament of holy orders is ruled out.

However, he emphasized that for the moment it is not possible “to formulate a definitive judgment, as in the case of priestly ordination.”

Historical investigation into so-called ‘deaconesses’

This second working session — following the one held in 2021 — ended last February, and the conclusions were presented on Sept. 18 to Pope Leo XIV, who ordered that they be made public on Dec. 4.

In a seven-page document, the cardinal stated that, based on a historical investigation, the commissions agree that the so-called “deaconesses” existed in the history of the Church but with diverse functions and not equivalent to the male diaconate.

Petrocchi emphasized that this question cannot be resolved solely with historical data and that, ultimately, it is up to the magisterium to issue a doctrinal judgment.

Following the Synod on Synodality, everyone who wished to do so was invited to submit their contributions on the topic. The cardinal revealed that “although numerous submissions were received, the individuals or groups who sent their work numbered only 22 and represented only a few countries.”

“Therefore, although the material is abundant and, in some cases, skillfully argued, it cannot be considered the voice of the synod, much less of the people of God as a whole,” he noted.

Christ is male and the sex of those who receive ordination

Although there is not enough consensus to admit women to the diaconate, the votes show divided positions, with a clear tendency to maintain caution in this regard.

On the one hand, those who support the female diaconate argue for “the equal status of men and women as images of God,” while those who are against it recall “the fact that Christ is male, and therefore that those who receive ordination are male is not accidental but is an integral part of the sacramental identity, preserving the divine order of salvation in Christ.”

For those who oppose it, “altering this reality would not be a simple adjustment of the ministry but a rupture of the nuptial meaning of salvation.”

Despite the lack of consensus surrounding the diaconate, there is unanimity on the need to expand the ministries instituted for women, further exploring the “baptismal diaconate” (every baptized person’s call to serve) and promoting greater female co-responsibility in the life of the Church. 

Petrocchi concluded by recommending that Pope Leo XIV follow a line of doctrinal prudence in his discernment as well as continue the theological study of the diaconate and, at the same time, open new ministerial spaces for women without resorting to sacramental ordination.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Francis receives the bishops of England and Wales for their ad limina visit at the Vatican, Sept. 28, 2018. / Credit: Vatican Media

London, England, Dec 4, 2025 / 13:07 pm (CNA).

A policy change concerning restrictions on the old Mass is relevant to the whole of the universal Church, not just England and Wales, said the head of the Latin Mass Society.

Pope Francis receives the bishops of England and Wales for their ad limina visit at the Vatican, Sept. 28, 2018. / Credit: Vatican Media

London, England, Dec 4, 2025 / 13:07 pm (CNA).

A policy change concerning restrictions on the old Mass is relevant to the whole of the universal Church, not just England and Wales, the head of the Latin Mass Society in England said.

In a telephone interview with CNA, Joseph Shaw said a leaked report stating that the apostolic nuncio to Great Britain had told English and Welsh bishops that they can apply for two-year exemptions to license the celebration of the old Mass in their dioceses was a “universal” change in policy.

“The nuncio’s alleged comments are very positive, and I hope they are true. It indicates the confidence that the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments has in the Catholic Bishops’ Conference for England and Wales [CBCEW], to be pastoral and sensitive,” he said.

“Is this development special to England and Wales? The response from the nuncio and from the dicastery suggest that this is now a universal policy and that is very significant because it removes the most consequential element of Traditionis Custodes; namely the demand that every Mass in a parish church must have special permission from the dicastery. This is a significant step which will make a huge difference, and I would expect further developments over time from Pope Leo along these lines.”

The CBCEW met for its yearly fall plenary meeting Nov. 10–13, and since then several publications have reported that the bishops were told by Archbishop Miguel Maury Buendía, the apostolic nuncio to Great Britain, that bishops could be granted renewable two-year exemptions that would enable them to permit the celebration of the Latin Mass within their dioceses.

CNA approached the CBCEW for clarification as to whether the reports were accurate. In an email, Stephanie MacGillivray, senior press officer at the CBCEW, said: “We’re not able to comment further at this stage except to say we take our lead from the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.”

A Nov. 14 communique from the CBCEW expressed regret that Maury Buendía’s statement had been leaked, leading to “confusion to the faithful.” When CNA approached Maury Buendia’s office for further clarity, it was referred back to the same statement. 

Catholics who attend the old Mass in England and Wales have experienced a tumultuous period since the new Roman Missal was introduced in 1970, overriding the 1962 missal.

Due to the upset among traditional Catholics following the change, Pope Paul VI permitted the use of the 1962 missal in England and Wales, and this permission was extended across the whole Church in 1984 during the papacy of St. John Paul II.

The hopes of traditional Catholics were raised further when Pope Benedict XVI issued Summorum Pontificum in 2007, further easing restrictions on the old Mass. However, in 2021, Pope Francis introduced new restrictions on the celebration of the old Mass via his motu proprio Traditionis Custodes, stating that previous concessions regarding the old rite were exposing the Church to the “peril of division.”

Archbishop Timothy P. Broglio leads the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA. / Credit: “EWTN News In Depth”/Screenshot

CNA Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 12:07 pm (CNA).

U.S. Military Services Archbishop Timothy Broglio is urging the country’s leaders to refrain from killing noncombatants while neutralizing violent drug cartels across the world.

The Trump administration throughout late 2025 has been launching aggressive strikes against suspected drug cartel operators in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The White House has come under fire for what critics have claimed are indiscriminate and possibly extralegal airstrikes against alleged narco boats.

Human rights advocates have particularly criticized a Sept. 2 strike on an alleged drug smuggling boat in which the military fired a second strike against two individuals who survived the initial strike.

In a Dec. 3 statement, Broglio acknowledged that “dismantling the powerful criminal networks responsible for the flow of illegal substances into our nation is a necessary and laudable task.”

Yet “questions have been raised about the use of military force in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean and, as a nation, we must ensure that the use of military force is ethical and legal,” the prelate said. 

Broglio noted that methods to eradicate drugs and drug smugglers from the U.S. must be “moral” and in line with “just war theory,” which includes respect for “the dignity of each human person.” 

“No one can ever be ordered to commit an immoral act, and even those suspected of committing a crime are entitled to due process under the law,” he said. 

The intentional killing of noncombatants is forbidden in a just war, he said, and it would be “an illegal and immoral order to [deliberately] kill survivors on a vessel who pose no immediate lethal threat to our armed forces.”

Military forces possess a legitimate means of ensuring that noncombatants are not killed, Broglio pointed out: Vessels can be intercepted, boarded, and members of the Coast Guard can arrest suspected drug runners, after which they would be subject to due process in a court. 

“True justice is achieved through transparent legal procedures, accountability, and respect for life — not through violence outside the law,” the archbishop said. 

Broglio — who previously served as president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and has led the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, since 2008 — pointed out that the U.S. has “a long tradition of responding to injustice, liberating the oppressed, and leading the free world.” 

Leaders “cannot tarnish that reputation with questionable actions that fail to respect the dignity of the human person and the rule of law,” he said. 

Broglio urged leaders to refrain from asking soldiers to “engage in immoral actions.” He further noted that his own investment in the matter stems from a tradition as old as the the country itself. 

“[F]rom the beginning,” he said, “George Washington wanted chaplains with his troops to tell him the truth.”

Archbishop Timothy P. Broglio leads the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA. / Credit: “EWTN News In Depth”/Screenshot

CNA Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 12:07 pm (CNA).

U.S. Military Services Archbishop Timothy Broglio is urging the country’s leaders to refrain from killing noncombatants while neutralizing violent drug cartels across the world.

The Trump administration throughout late 2025 has been launching aggressive strikes against suspected drug cartel operators in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The White House has come under fire for what critics have claimed are indiscriminate and possibly extralegal airstrikes against alleged narco boats.

Human rights advocates have particularly criticized a Sept. 2 strike on an alleged drug smuggling boat in which the military fired a second strike against two individuals who survived the initial strike.

In a Dec. 3 statement, Broglio acknowledged that “dismantling the powerful criminal networks responsible for the flow of illegal substances into our nation is a necessary and laudable task.”

Yet “questions have been raised about the use of military force in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean and, as a nation, we must ensure that the use of military force is ethical and legal,” the prelate said. 

Broglio noted that methods to eradicate drugs and drug smugglers from the U.S. must be “moral” and in line with “just war theory,” which includes respect for “the dignity of each human person.” 

“No one can ever be ordered to commit an immoral act, and even those suspected of committing a crime are entitled to due process under the law,” he said. 

The intentional killing of noncombatants is forbidden in a just war, he said, and it would be “an illegal and immoral order to [deliberately] kill survivors on a vessel who pose no immediate lethal threat to our armed forces.”

Military forces possess a legitimate means of ensuring that noncombatants are not killed, Broglio pointed out: Vessels can be intercepted, boarded, and members of the Coast Guard can arrest suspected drug runners, after which they would be subject to due process in a court. 

“True justice is achieved through transparent legal procedures, accountability, and respect for life — not through violence outside the law,” the archbishop said. 

Broglio — who previously served as president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and has led the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, since 2008 — pointed out that the U.S. has “a long tradition of responding to injustice, liberating the oppressed, and leading the free world.” 

Leaders “cannot tarnish that reputation with questionable actions that fail to respect the dignity of the human person and the rule of law,” he said. 

Broglio urged leaders to refrain from asking soldiers to “engage in immoral actions.” He further noted that his own investment in the matter stems from a tradition as old as the the country itself. 

“[F]rom the beginning,” he said, “George Washington wanted chaplains with his troops to tell him the truth.”

Advent is God’s invitation to be a witness. We are invited to the manger to await the most tender miracle of all: to see with our own eyes, hear with our own ears, and marvel with all that we are at the mystery of incarnation. But what does it mean to witness God the Creator, […]

The post Advent is an invitation to be creative alongside God appeared first on U.S. Catholic.

Poster for the St. John of the Cross 2026 Jubilee. / Credit: Iberian Province of the Discalced Carmelites

ACI Prensa Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 08:00 am (CNA).

The Iberian Province of the Discalced Carmelites is preparing to celebrate the jubilee year of St. John of the Cross, marking the 300th anniversary of his canonization and the 100th anniversary of his proclamation as a doctor of the Church.

The jubilee year dedicated to St. John of the Cross was approved by the Apostolic Penitentiary at the request of the Order of Discalced Carmelites and the dioceses of Ávila, Jaén, and Segovia in Spain, which are particularly linked to the life and work of the mystic and reformer of the Carmelite order, along with St. Teresa of Ávila.

The superior of the Iberian Province of the Discalced Carmelites, Friar Francisco Sánchez Oreja, stated in a message commemorating the jubilee that “the centenaries serve to confirm that St. John of the Cross, whom we are celebrating, is still alive and has a word he continues to speak” to today’s world.

“The message he has left us is one of seeking the divine, calling us to immerse ourselves in God in a lived experience of theological life. The message of an eminent witness of the living God who speaks of him and the things of God. A message to forge and form believers in mature faith, in a greater intimacy with God,” the priest noted.

For Sánchez, this jubilee “should be a time to deepen our knowledge and study of St. John of the Cross,” who is “a living image of the authentic Carmelite” not only because of his doctrine or as the founder of the Discalced Carmelites but also “because with his concrete existence, with the events of his life, he has manifested the Carmelite vocation and shows us the image of the Carmelite religious.”

Sánchez described the patron saint of Spanish poets as a discreet and virtuous man who “did not seek to act for reward but as an act of gratitude to God.”

St. John of the Cross is also portrayed as an ascetic man who rejected society’s honors, a spiritual person “who lived in an atmosphere of prayer,” a witness of God with a “great capacity for interiority and contemplation” who seeks the truth “that lies beyond what we perceive at first glance.”

Poor ever since he was a child, he embraced ‘evangelical’ poverty

The superior of the Carmelites also emphasized in his biographical sketch that the founder of the Discalced Carmelites knew poverty from childhood, to the point that “he saw his father and his brother die of hunger.”

This reality was a school of life that led him to move from place to place, beg in the streets, and perform the most menial jobs: “All of this helped him to be a humble and simple person,” even when he held positions of authority in the order.

The friar also emphasized that the saint “voluntarily took up evangelical poverty, embracing the poor Christ, which translates into a life based on work, sobriety, and detachment from riches.”

Fundamental attitudes of St. John of the Cross

Among these, he highlighted “faith in the living and true God found in the person of Jesus Christ,” hope “that helps us understand that not everything ends here and now, but that we are called to communion of life with him,” and charity, which “gives life and value to the works of faith and hope.”

“His example is an ideal for life, his writings, a treasure to share with all those who seek the face of God today, and his doctrine is also a word for us today,” Sánchez emphasized.

The St. John of the Cross Jubilee Year will be inaugurated on Dec. 13 with the opening of the holy door at the Church of the Sepulchre of St. John of the Cross in Segovia and will extend until Dec. 26, 2026, when the closing ceremony will take place in Úbeda, the town in the province of Jaén where he died.

The jubilee churches that can be visited on pilgrimage during these months are: St. Cyprian Parish in Fontiveros, the saint’s birthplace; St. Teresa of Jesus Basilica in Ávila; and the conventual church of the Discalced Carmelite nuns in Duruelo in the Diocese of Ávila.

In the Diocese of Jaén, the jubilee church will be the church-oratory of the Discalced Carmelite convent in Úbeda and in the Diocese of Segovia, the church of the Discalced Carmelites in Segovia, where the tomb of St. John of the Cross is located.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Poster for the St. John of the Cross 2026 Jubilee. / Credit: Iberian Province of the Discalced Carmelites

ACI Prensa Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 08:00 am (CNA).

The Iberian Province of the Discalced Carmelites is preparing to celebrate the jubilee year of St. John of the Cross during the 300th anniversary of his canonization.

La Moneda Presidential Palace in Santiago, Chile. / Credit: Dennis G. Jarvis, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

ACI Prensa Staff, Dec 4, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

Chileans are preparing to go to the polls once again to elect their president. Following the general elections, two candidates will be vying to replace the current president, Gabriel Boric: Jeannette Jara, a former government official, and the opposition candidate José Antonio Kast of the Republican Party.

In a climate marked by insecurity, rising crime rates, and the migration crisis, citizens are closely watching the proposals of both candidates to address these problems.

The archbishop of Concepción, Sergio Pérez de Arce, addressed the debate over the situation of immigrants without legal status in the country in a column titled “It’s Either ‘You Leave or We Expel You’?” in which he maintains that migration policy cannot be reduced to these two options.

The question that titles his column refers to the warning that candidate José Antonio Kast gave to immigrants who are residing illegally in Chile, whom he assured that they have “100 days” to each make “the appropriate decision and leave our country” before being expelled, a measure he will implement if he takes office as president on March 11, 2026.

Jara, the Communist Party candidate, adopted the idea of ​​the liberal Franco Parisi — a candidate in the first round of elections for president — to address the problem of illegal immigration by means of a proposal “very focused on technological control of the border” and proposes “creating a digital wall” with tools such as biometric control.

Regarding Kast’s countdown for immigrants to leave the country, she considers it “a campaign stunt.”

In recent weeks, Peru, which lies on Chile’s northern border, has strengthened border control there by deploying military forces, resulting in nearly a hundred migrants being stranded in northern Chile. 

In response, the archbishop of Concepción stated that “the response to migrants in an irregular situation [not legally present] in the country cannot be simply ‘you leave now, voluntarily, or we will expel you with nothing but the clothes on your back’ in 100 days.”

“There are foreigners who have been in Chile for years, who work and contribute to the country, who have family and emotional ties here, and who even have children born in Chile (who are therefore Chilean citizens). Many of them have wanted to regularize their situation, but they have been given almost no alternatives,” he lamented.

“On the other hand, leaving Chile today means exposing oneself only to uncertainty, since neighboring countries are closing their borders, Venezuela is still in a political and social crisis, and is also in conflict with the United States. It means exposing people and families to new, painful, and unsafe displacement,” he warned.

“Can Chilean society offer as the only solution: ‘Either you leave or we’ll kick you out’? Can politics be reduced solely to threats and a punitive response to human realities [in such precarious situations]?” he asked.

“It’s not humane, it’s not rational, it is not in keeping with the Gospel. It’s not the best policy. There are other paths to explore that are more in line with human dignity. That is what is expected of governments and presidential candidates,” he asserted.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Bishop Raimo Goyarrola, the only Catholic bishop in Finland, speaks with CNA in Houston in November 2025 on a fundraising trip for his “mission” Church. / Credit: Amira Abuzeid/CNA

Houston, Texas, Dec 4, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

The bishop of Helsinki in Finland, Raimo Goyarrola, the only Catholic bishop in the Nordic country that shares a 1,000-mile border with Russia, has been traveling in the U.S. to raise funds to support the small Catholic population there, which has seen explosive growth in the last five years. 

Goyarrola, originally from Bilbao, Spain — along with Father Jean Claude Kabeza, a genocide survivor from Rwanda and the vicar general and pastor of St. Henry’s Cathedral in Helsinki — spoke with CNA in Houston recently as the two made their way through Texas seeking to raise funds for the Finnish Church.

“It’s a growing Church, but it’s very poor, and filled with immigrants and refugees,” Goyarrola told CNA. “There are 125 different nationalities, and many different rites … Maronites, Chaldeans … It’s a richness, but also a pastoral challenge.”

There are currently more than 300 unbaptized adults preparing to enter the Catholic Church in Finland, according to Kabeza. With Catholics making up about 0.2% of the country’s 5.6 million people, he called the growth “booming.” 

Goyarrola explained that the Catholic Church in the country is “a mission Church.” There are no Catholic schools in the country, so he is seeking to build one in the capital city of Helsinki, along with a pastoral center from which to coordinate catechetical and charitable works. 

Currently, there are eight parishes in the entire country, which is about the size of Montana, and four of those parishes cannot meet expenses. While Masses are being said in 33 cities, Goyarrola said some families still must travel 200 miles to attend Mass because there are not enough churches or priests, which he refers to as a “blessed problem.”

The diocese rents space from 20 Lutheran churches and five Orthodox churches in 25 of the 33 cities.

In Helsinki, the Catholic Church pays 12,000 euros ($14,000) a month to rent a larger and empty Lutheran church in order to say Masses and for other church activities. 

St. Henry’s Cathedral is “too small,” its pastor, Kabeza, said. “We were saying eight Masses a day, and people were still standing outside.”

In a country with frigid winters, Kabeza said that “as their pastor and father, I hated to see my children outside in the cold when they came to Mass.”

Although 65% of the population is nominally Lutheran, the country is very secular, according to the two men. About 0.3% of the population are Orthodox. These two denominations, along with Catholicism at 0.2% of the population, are the largest religious groups in the country.

A ‘paradise of ecumenism’

Because the different churches rely on one another, Goyarrola called the country a “paradise of ecumenism.” 

“We are very close,” the bishop said of his Lutheran and Orthodox compatriots. Last year, almost 400 Orthodox, Catholics, and Lutherans attended a Marian procession in Helsinki on the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary.

“The Orthodox brought their icons and we brought our statues,” the bishop said. “Two choirs, one Orthodox and one Catholic, and both bishops along with several Lutheran pastors participated in the procession.”

Both men joked that when just 50 people attend an outdoor event in Finland, it makes the news. Hundreds of Christians walking through the streets honoring the Virgin Mary did not, however. 

The bishop said a 160-page joint declaration on Church ministry and the Eucharist signed in 2017 between the Catholic and Lutheran churches was met with amazement by the Vatican. 

The growing ecumenism there “is amazing. It is a new page in the history of the Church,” he said.

A ‘free hand’ during COVID led to growth

Goyarrola, who joined Opus Dei at 18 and eventually became a priest and a trained surgeon, first arrived in Finland in 2006 and was made a bishop in 2023. 

He said the Church began to grow quickly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The government gave “a free hand to the churches during that time,” the bishop said. “The Catholic Church opened its doors while the rest of the churches kept theirs closed. We continued to say Masses, and our buildings were always physically open and people were coming in to pray.”

According to Kabeza, “the people were looking for something because they were afraid.” 

The vicar general said many young men who are interested in the faith are talking to him about their desire for the sacraments and the importance of tradition.

“The young men want to have something that is very strong, something which is stable,” he said.

The Catholic Church is ‘a family’

Kabeza’s father was shot to death in front of Kabeza’s mother and sisters after the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Kabeza, along with his mother and five of his siblings, lived in a refugee camp for six years before moving to Finland through a United Nations program for genocide survivors. 

“Faith, forgiveness, and family are the basis of life, which cannot be lived without those three things,” he said. “After the genocide, if you still had a mother and so many siblings, you have to give thanks because others lost everybody.” 

Goyarrola said he hopes his fundraising trips to the U.S., made possible through friendships with other bishops and cardinals, will be fruitful. He referred to something he heard Pope Leo XIV say recently: “Christians are brothers and sisters who need to support each other.”

“We are children of the same Father and the same Mother, the Church,” the bishop said.

He said he hopes “our Catholic family around the world” will help him as he works to take care of “his children” in one of the world’s most secular and expensive countries.

“It’s a spiritual tsunami,” he said of the growing Finnish Church. 

“We have a lot of faith, happiness, and joy. We have a lot of dreams, but we have no money,” he said, laughing.