St. Joseph Cathedral, Buffalo. | Credit: CiEll/Shutterstock

Jan 10, 2026 / 06:00 am (CNA).

Catholics in the U.S. were witness to a rare Church decision in 2023 when Pope Francis elevated the Diocese of Las Vegas to a metropolitan archdiocese. Las Vegas had previously been a suffragan diocese of San Francisco, having been created by Pope John Paul II in 1995.

A suffragan diocese operates within an ecclesiastical province subordinate to a larger archdiocese and is led by a suffragan bishop who has the authority to lead his own diocese but works under the metropolitan archbishop.

In September 2025, Pope Leo XIV created a new Catholic diocese in northern China; though it goes by the same name as one established decades ago by Beijing without Vatican approval — a product of ongoing tensions between China and the Holy See — the move demonstrated the Holy See’s authority in creating local Church jurisdictions.

Outside of one’s own parish, a diocese or archdiocese is arguably the average Catholic’s most common point of interaction with the Church. These jurisdictions manage local Church life and administration, with bishops and archbishops offering both spiritual and temporal guidance and authority to Catholics under their care.

But how does the Catholic Church decide what becomes a diocese or an archdiocese? What are the roots of this ancient practice, and how does it function today?

Exclusively a papal right

Monsignor William King, JCD, KCHS, an assistant professor at the school of canon law at The Catholic University of America, told CNA that the right to erect (or suppress) a diocese “belongs exclusively to the successor of Peter, the bishop of Rome,” that is, the pope.

“Historically, secular rulers have intruded into the process and the autonomy of the Church in this action has been hard-won,” he said, pointing out that “even today in certain parts of the world, secular or civil rulers wish to have input into matters such as this.”

The pope never makes decisions regarding dioceses and archdioceses “without considerable study and consultation,” King said.

The history of diocesan administration stretches back to the earliest years of the Church, he said. In those days a diocese consisted of “a city larger than the surrounding cities and towns,” often a place of commerce or a center of government.

Throughout the centuries, including after the imperial legalization of the Church by Constantine, Church leaders refined the diocesan structure of “pastoral ministry and governance” in order to facilitate “communication and decision-making” throughout Christendom.

“This became increasingly important as the Church grew and encountered different systems of law, philosophy, and religious practice,” King said. Roman models of government structure proved useful and sufficient for Church governance; King noted that the Church structure even today more closely resembles a government than a corporation.

The process by determining which jurisdictions counted as archdioceses likely arose in earlier centuries organically, King said, with Church leaders identifying major centers of “culture, education, commerce, government, and transportation” as particularly significant jurisdictions.

The procedure for elevating a diocese to an archdiocese, meanwhile — as Pope Francis did to Las Vegas in 2023 — requires “significant study, discussion, and decision-making,” King said.

The Holy See conducts such reviews in part through a diocese’s “quinquennial report,” a detailed rundown of the diocese’s activities and administration. Such a report may indicate to the Holy See that a particular region is growing and could benefit from elevation to an archdiocese.

Local suffragan bishops will participate in discussions to that effect, King said, and the Roman Curia will work with bishops’ conferences as well as the local apostolic nuncio.

“The ultimate decision is that of the Roman pontiff, the bishop of Rome,” King said, “but is always done with his awareness of the conversations and consultations already conducted at every level.”

The priest pointed out that not every local jurisdiction of the Church is a diocese or archdiocese. At times, he said, the pope may establish a less common ecclesiastical administration “for a variety of reasons that relate to culture, legal acceptance or opposition, small numbers, and the like.”

Such jurisdictions include apostolic prefectures, apostolic vicariates, ordinariates, and other designations. Such areas may be governed by a bishop or a priest named by the pope, King said.

St. Joseph Cathedral, Buffalo. | Credit: CiEll/Shutterstock

Jan 10, 2026 / 06:00 am (CNA).

Catholics in the U.S. were witness to a rare Church decision in 2023 when Pope Francis elevated the Diocese of Las Vegas to a metropolitan archdiocese. Las Vegas had previously been a suffragan diocese of San Francisco, having been created by Pope John Paul II in 1995.

A suffragan diocese operates within an ecclesiastical province subordinate to a larger archdiocese and is led by a suffragan bishop who has the authority to lead his own diocese but works under the metropolitan archbishop.

In September 2025, Pope Leo XIV created a new Catholic diocese in northern China; though it goes by the same name as one established decades ago by Beijing without Vatican approval — a product of ongoing tensions between China and the Holy See — the move demonstrated the Holy See’s authority in creating local Church jurisdictions.

Outside of one’s own parish, a diocese or archdiocese is arguably the average Catholic’s most common point of interaction with the Church. These jurisdictions manage local Church life and administration, with bishops and archbishops offering both spiritual and temporal guidance and authority to Catholics under their care.

But how does the Catholic Church decide what becomes a diocese or an archdiocese? What are the roots of this ancient practice, and how does it function today?

Exclusively a papal right

Monsignor William King, JCD, KCHS, an assistant professor at the school of canon law at The Catholic University of America, told CNA that the right to erect (or suppress) a diocese “belongs exclusively to the successor of Peter, the bishop of Rome,” that is, the pope.

“Historically, secular rulers have intruded into the process and the autonomy of the Church in this action has been hard-won,” he said, pointing out that “even today in certain parts of the world, secular or civil rulers wish to have input into matters such as this.”

The pope never makes decisions regarding dioceses and archdioceses “without considerable study and consultation,” King said.

The history of diocesan administration stretches back to the earliest years of the Church, he said. In those days a diocese consisted of “a city larger than the surrounding cities and towns,” often a place of commerce or a center of government.

Throughout the centuries, including after the imperial legalization of the Church by Constantine, Church leaders refined the diocesan structure of “pastoral ministry and governance” in order to facilitate “communication and decision-making” throughout Christendom.

“This became increasingly important as the Church grew and encountered different systems of law, philosophy, and religious practice,” King said. Roman models of government structure proved useful and sufficient for Church governance; King noted that the Church structure even today more closely resembles a government than a corporation.

The process by determining which jurisdictions counted as archdioceses likely arose in earlier centuries organically, King said, with Church leaders identifying major centers of “culture, education, commerce, government, and transportation” as particularly significant jurisdictions.

The procedure for elevating a diocese to an archdiocese, meanwhile — as Pope Francis did to Las Vegas in 2023 — requires “significant study, discussion, and decision-making,” King said.

The Holy See conducts such reviews in part through a diocese’s “quinquennial report,” a detailed rundown of the diocese’s activities and administration. Such a report may indicate to the Holy See that a particular region is growing and could benefit from elevation to an archdiocese.

Local suffragan bishops will participate in discussions to that effect, King said, and the Roman Curia will work with bishops’ conferences as well as the local apostolic nuncio.

“The ultimate decision is that of the Roman pontiff, the bishop of Rome,” King said, “but is always done with his awareness of the conversations and consultations already conducted at every level.”

The priest pointed out that not every local jurisdiction of the Church is a diocese or archdiocese. At times, he said, the pope may establish a less common ecclesiastical administration “for a variety of reasons that relate to culture, legal acceptance or opposition, small numbers, and the like.”

Such jurisdictions include apostolic prefectures, apostolic vicariates, ordinariates, and other designations. Such areas may be governed by a bishop or a priest named by the pope, King said.

Health care professionals at the Colorado-based pro-life Bella Health and Wellness healthcare clinic. | Credit: Bella Health and Wellness

Jan 9, 2026 / 17:38 pm (CNA).

Here’s a roundup of recent pro-life and abortion-related news:

Colorado will pay out $5.4 million after attempting to ban abortion pill reversal

The state of Colorado will have to pay out a massive $5.4 million sum after it lost in its attempt to ban abortion pill reversal.

The state suffered a decisive loss in federal court in August 2025 when U.S. District Judge Daniel Domenico said that Colorado’s abortion pill reversal ban interfered with the religious rights of nurses Dede Chism and Abby Sinnett.

The Catholic mother-daughter team runs the Denver-area Bella Health and Wellness clinic. Part of their services include administering the hormone progesterone that can counteract the effects of chemical abortions.

The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, which represented the two nurses in their suit, said on Jan. 6 that federal law now requires the state to pay attorneys’ fees and court costs, totaling about $5.4 million.

Attorney Rebekah Ricketts said at least 18 mothers have given birth during the course of the lawsuit after receiving abortion pill reversal care at Bella Health.

Abortion pill advocate countersues South Dakota over false advertising threat

A pro-abortion pill company is suing the South Dakota attorney general after the prosecutor threatened to sue the organization over abortion advertising.

State Attorney General Marty Jackley sent a cease and desist letter in December 2025 to Mayday Health alleging the company was instructing women to not seek medical care after taking abortion pills while also implying that the pills were legal in South Dakota. Abortion pills are illegal in that state with limited exceptions.

In an Instagram post on Jan. 8, the pro-abortion company announced that it had sued Jackley in turn, alleging that Jackley was engaging in “government censorship, plain and simple.”

The group claimed its pro-abortion pill speech is protected by the First Amendment. Mayday vowed to “continue [its] mission” in advocating for abortion pills.

Wyoming Supreme Court strikes down state abortion ban

Abortions will continue in the state of Wyoming after the state Supreme Court struck down a ban on the practice there.

In a Jan. 6 decision, the court ruled 4-1 that the state’s ban on abortion did not constitute “reasonable and necessary restrictions on a pregnant woman’s right to make her own health care decisions.”

“A woman has a fundamental right to make her own health care decisions, including the decision to have an abortion,” the court said.

In a dissent, Justice Kari Jo Gray said the state government’s ban on abortion “falls well within the discretion the people expressly granted it.”

The ban allowed the procedure in cases necessary to save the mother’s life, among other extreme circumstances, Gray noted.

“These exceptions respect a pregnant woman’s health care choices while allowing the regulation of nonessential procedures,” she argued.

Pope Leo XIV with the Spanish flag in the foreground on Dec. 8, 2025. | Credit: Daniel Ibáñez/EWTN News

Jan 9, 2026 / 17:06 pm (CNA).

Spanish Cardinal José Cobo confirmed Jan. 9 in Rome that Madrid, Barcelona, ​​and the Canary Islands are likely destinations in 2026 for an apostolic journey to Spain by Pope Leo XIV.

After concluding a meeting with the substitute for general affairs of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, Archbishop Edgar Peña Parra, Cobo confirmed the pontiff’s interest in visiting Spain: “Yes, I believe the pope is interested [in making the trip]. Madrid, Barcelona, ​​and the Canary Islands are the first locations that have been considered.”

The meeting was also attended by the archbishop of Barcelona, ​​Cardinal Juan José Omella; the archbishop of Valladolid and president of the Spanish Bishops’ Conference (CEE, by its Spanish acronym) Archbishop Luis Argüello; the auxiliary bishop of Toledo and secretary general of the CEE, Bishop Francisco César García Magán; and the bishop of the Canary Islands, Bishop José Mazuelos.

The cardinal emphasized that this trip is an initiative of Leo XIV: “He asked us for a first draft, like the initial outline of this,” which he will “fine tune or make corrections in the future.”

In addition to visiting the capital and largest city of the country, Pope Leo XIV’s presence in Barcelona could be related to the beatification process for the architect of Sagrada Familia (Holy Family) Basilica, Antoni Gaudí. Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the church in November 2010.

Furthermore, his visit to the Canary Islands would fulfill a desire expressed by his predecessor, Pope Francis, to visit the archipelago, which receives thousands of migrants from Africa every year.

In this regard, Cobo noted that “the phenomenon of migration is an issue that Pope Leo has already addressed at the beginning of his pontificate.” He added that we are living through a “very important moment to make the voice of migrants heard” in Spain.

At the meeting with Peña, an extensive list of specific invitations from dioceses and religious organizations was also presented. “There are a thousand invitations,” the cardinal said, joking: “We shouldn’t wear the Holy Father out, because if we take him to Spain and tire him out too much, he might not want to come back.”

Cobo expressed his hope that Leo XIV would “experience the work of the Church in Spain” and receive a warm reception before adding: “I believe this shouldn’t be his last trip.”

Cobo also confirmed that “there have been negotiations” with the Spanish government, although official invitations have not yet been extended.

“Spain has long been in need of and has continuously requested the pope to come. The fact that this possibility is now open is a source of hope and joy for everyone, both for the civil authorities and, of course, for the Church in Spain.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo XIV with the Spanish flag in the foreground on Dec. 8, 2025. | Credit: Daniel Ibáñez/EWTN News

, Jan 9, 2026 / 17:06 pm (CNA).

Madrid, Barcelona, ​​and the Canary Islands are likely destinations in 2026 for Pope Leo XIV to visit.

Archbishop Luis Argüello, president of the Spanish Bishops’ Conference; Félix Bolaños, minister of the Presidency, Justice, and Relations with the Parliament; and Father Jesús Díaz Sariego, OP, president of CONFER. | Credit: Ministry of the Presidency

Jan 9, 2026 / 16:28 pm (CNA).

The Spanish Bishops’ Conference (CEE, by its Spanish acronym), the Spanish Conference of Religious Orders (CONFER, by its Spanish acronym), and the government have agreed on a channel for compensating victims of abuse within the Catholic Church, in which the Ombudsman’s Office will collaborate.

The agreement was signed Jan. 8 by the president of the CEE, Archbishop Luis Argüello; the president of CONFER, Father Jesús Díaz Sariego, OP; and Minister of the Presidency, Justice, and Relations with Parliament Félix Bolaños.

The agreement reached by the three parties will be valid for one year, renewable for another year.

The agreement reached for this new comprehensive reparations system will be complementary to the one being developed by the Catholic Church through the PRIVA Plan Advisory Commission since September 2024 and must be formalized through an agreement that will be ratified within one month.

PRIVA, a condensed Spanish acronym, stands for “comprehensive reparation plan for minors and persons with equivalent rights who are victims of sexual abuse.”

This system will be available to victims of cases that have passed the statute of limitations due to the passage of time or the death of the perpetrators and who do not wish to use the channel offered by the Catholic Church in Spain, which will remain in effect.

Argüello emphasized to the media that the agreement stipulates that the government will develop the Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Protection Law approved in 2021, “creating a proposal analogous to the one the Church is already implementing” so that victims of abuse in other areas (non-Church) can access comprehensive reparations.

Furthermore, the president of the Spanish Bishops’ Conference highlighted that the agreement includes a retroactive tax exemption for compensation payments, given that the tax authorities sometimes claimed up to 30% of the amount received.

“Another aspect that we also find valuable and are pleased with in the signed agreement is that it recognizes the legal purview of the PRIVA Advisory Commission,” the prelate said.

For his part, Díaz Sariego pointed out that “the [Church’s] system is working very well” and highlighted the “moral commitment of the Church” in this area by asking: “What other institution in our country takes responsibility for crimes that are already beyond the statute of limitations?”

How the new system will work

Following this agreement, a mixed Church-state system will be established. Cases will be received through an administrative processing window, which will forward them to the Ombudsman’s Victims Unit that will prepare a compensation proposal to be evaluated by the PRIVA Plan Advisory Commission.

If the victim or the affected Church institution does not agree with the resolution, the case will be referred to a second decision-making body composed of representatives from the government, the CEE, CONFER, and associations of abuse victims. This body must reach a unanimous agreement.

If this is not possible, a “final attempt at reaching a consensus“ will be made. If that also proves unsuccessful, the Ombudsman’s Victims Unit will make a decision.

When asked about the possible disparity in criteria, the president of CONFER explained that the PRIVA Advisory Commission established its criteria for evaluating cases independently and that the agreement with the government “stipulates that the criteria must be the same."

Vatican intervention

Argüello stated that he has been in contact with Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin to discuss this matter, receiving from Rome “confirmation of their confidence that whatever we did together would be endorsed by them and, at the same time, encouragement to reach an agreement.“

Bolaños expressed his gratitude for the role played by the Holy See, which, throughout two years of “complex and arduous“ negotiations on this issue, during which there were “moments of extreme difficulty,“ provided “indispensable impetus to reach this agreement.“

More than $2 million in compensation

Through the PRIVA Plan, the Catholic Church in Spain has received 114 requests for compensation from victims, for which the dioceses have submitted 30 reports and religious congregations, 80.

According to data provided to ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner, by the PRIVA Plan Advisory Commission, there are another eight reports under review, and 61 cases have already been resolved, resulting in financial compensation totaling more than 1.8 million euros ($2.1 million), distributed fairly evenly between diocesan and religious cases.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Archbishop Luis Argüello, president of the Spanish Bishops’ Conference; Félix Bolaños, minister of the Presidency, Justice, and Relations with the Parliament; and Father Jesús Díaz Sariego, OP, president of CONFER. | Credit: Ministry of the Presidency

, Jan 9, 2026 / 16:28 pm (CNA).

The Church and the Spanish government have signed an agreement to provide a channel for compensating victims of sexual abuse.

Church employee Francisco Paredes, 46, was handcuffed by ICE Dec. 4, 2025. | Credit: Photo courtesy of Francisco Paredes

Jan 9, 2026 / 15:01 pm (CNA).

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents surveilled St. Gabriel the Archangel Catholic Church in Hopkins, Minnesota, on Epiphany after deporting the parish’s beloved maintenance worker to Mexico five weeks earlier.

The Trump administration last year eliminated a federal policy that generally prohibited immigration enforcement in “sensitive locations” such as schools, churches, and hospitals. Attendance at St. Gabriel’s Spanish Mass has dropped by half since the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, and parishioners have expressed fear of churchgoing about eight miles from where an ICE agent shot and killed U.S. citizen Renee Good on Jan. 7.

Father Paul Haverstock, pastor of St. Gabriel’s, said he had vested for the 1 p.m. Spanish Mass Jan. 4 when a parishioner told him about men wearing ski masks in a car outside the church. He said he was disturbed to receive the report, went to the sacristy to get his cellphone, and placed it next to his chair in the sanctuary.

“If there is an incident of agents coming in, I want to make sure that it’s recorded, and I want a clear recording of me letting the agents know that we’re in the middle of a religious service,” Haverstock said. 

It didn’t come to that, but ICE’s presence outside has impeded parishioners’ free exercise of religion, Haverstock said. ICE agents camped outside the church felt like “a violation,” he said.

“Who wouldn’t feel intimidated by that?” he said.

“It felt like a violation of our constitutional rights, felt like a violation of civilization and good manners. It felt like we were not living in the United States of America but in some third world, violent place, somewhere else,” Haverstock said. “Yeah, it feels like we’re in a war zone here.”

In a statement to CNA, a Department of Homeland Security spokesperson said ICE "does not raid churches," calling such allegations "smears."

"The facts are criminals are no longer able to hide in places of worship to avoid arrest. The Trump Administration will not tie the hands of our brave law enforcement and instead trusts them to use common sense," the statement said.

"If a dangerous illegal alien felon were to flee into a church, or a child sex offender was working as an employee, there may be a situation where an arrest is made to protect public safety.”

Arrest of church employee

Church employee Francisco Paredes, 46, who had lived in the U.S. for 25 years with one conviction for driving under the influence, was handcuffed by ICE Dec. 4, 2025. Eight federal vehicles pulled into a large parking lot adjacent to St. Gabriel’s on 13th Avenue South after Paredes picked up coffee on his way to work, Paredes said, and he was driven to a processing facility.

About 2,000 immigration enforcement agents have come to Minnesota, according to government officials. On Jan. 4, “they were definitely out in front of the church, waiting in front of the church,” Hopkins Mayor Patrick Hanlon said in an interview.

Hanlon said he wants ICE to obey the laws of Hopkins, a community of about 19,000 people known for its lively "Mainstreet" and arts scene, and summertime Raspberry Festival.

Hanlon made an Instagram reel following the  shooting of Good urging ICE to obey Hopkins’ traffic rules and other laws.

Archbishop Bernard Hebda  in his statement after Good’s death pleaded for “all people of goodwill to join me in prayer for the person who was killed, for their loved ones, and for our community.”

‘Surveilling us’

After observing ICE monitoring the church during Sunday Mass, Haverstock called Hebda and the mayor.

Haverstock told them: “They had out-of-state license plates, and they were just sitting outside our doors for a while.” He added: “They came to our church, and even though they didn’t enter, they were apparently surveilling us.”

Until Paredes’ arrest and before ICE parked outside St. Gabriel’s, more than 400 people had usually attended the Spanish Mass, Haverstock said. Haverstock said he is considering offering a temporary Sunday Mass dispensation in his parish for those who are afraid.

“I think if I don’t give them a dispensation, hardly any of them will be here anyway because of the fear factor. So out of consideration for their circumstances and their souls, I think it’s likely I will give a dispensation for this coming Sunday, but I feel torn because we need God in this situation,” Haverstock said.

‘We’ve united to help our immigrant brothers and sisters’

ICE’s presence has been “a real interference with our parishioners’ right to worship and come to Mass,” Haverstock said.

“They’re also terrorizing anybody of goodwill just by their presence, masks, and idling outside of a church. It’s frightening. I was frightened when I heard that they were there. I was frightened for the safety of the people in the church, including myself, and I was especially frightened for my immigrants,” he said. 

Haverstock said he was “really blessed to see that our parish has not split on political lines in this situation, but we’ve united to help our immigrant brothers and sisters.”

Fear is palpable, Haverstock said, with “people being detained, even after showing IDs, and people being harassed, even if they’re here legally.”

When maintenance employee Paredes was deported, “it really got my attention,” Haverstock said.

Paredes, who sang in the church choir, said he spent about a month incarcerated in the ICE detention system before being sent to Mexico. He said he had asked to make a phone call when he was arrested and was denied for several days so his U.S.-citizen daughter didn’t know his whereabouts. Paredes spent Christmas imprisoned and said he had no access to any religious services.

In the Bloomington, Minnesota, immigration office, Paredes, who lacked legal permission to live in the U.S., said he was in a cell with 40 people. There was only one bathroom for the men to share, and “anyone can see when you go to the bathroom,” Paredes said.

After about seven hours later, Paredes said he was transferred to the Crow Wing County Jail in Brainerd, Minnesota. Paredes said a government-financed plane later took him to Laredo, Texas, where he was imprisoned in the Webb County Detention Center. 

“They treat people like an animal,” Paredes said. “I was there!”

Paredes said no hot meals were provided, only a sandwich, an orange, crackers, and water. In a large warehouse-like building, “we sleep on the floor. No blanket. They treat you like an animal,” Paredes said.

The Homeland Security spokesperson, meanwhile, told CNA that "any claim there are subprime conditions at ICE detention centers" is "false."

"All detainees are provided with proper meals, medical treatment, showers, blankets, and have opportunities to communicate with their family members and attorneys," the statement said. "The truth is most ICE facilities have higher detention standards than most U.S. prisons that hold actual U.S. citizens. Ensuring the safety, security, and well-being of individuals in our custody is a top priority.”

When President Donald Trump talks about deporting “the worst of the worst,” Paredes said, “he doesn’t have any idea. All the people I met in the prison, they are hardworking people.”

Haverstock said he misses Paredes, who was a “wonderful worker and one of those rare, fully bilingual people, so that was a huge help to have him around.”

“We should be firmly resolved to do our part to obtain justice, not just for ourselves but for our brothers and sisters, and not even just those in the Church, but anyone’s who’s being persecuted, who happens to be our neighbor,” Haverstock said. “Families should not be separated except for extremely grave reasons. And I can say from my personal experience, from what I’ve seen, and from what I’ve heard, that these deportations and this massive push by ICE is not just targeting drug cartels and violent criminals and repeat offenders of major crimes, but it’s targeting moms and dads and families who have committed, in some cases, no crime except entering our country illegally, and separating a family because of that is unjust.” 

At the end of Mass, Haverstock invites parishioners to learn how to “help immigrants in the parish who have been negatively impacted by recent events” and join an ad hoc team “to serve our brothers and sisters through works of mercy.” 

Haverstock said the parish has used the same petition in the Prayer of the Faithful for several weeks: “For immigrants living in fear, for families that have been separated, and for wise immigration reform in our land, let us pray to the Lord.”

Update: This report was updated on Monday, Jan. 12, 2026, at 11 a.m. to correct grammar in the statement provided by the Department of Homeland Security at the department's request.

Credit: Wolfgang Schaller/Shutterstock

Jan 9, 2026 / 10:47 am (CNA).

The U.S. Supreme Court is being asked to block the state of California from allowing schools to hide student “gender transitions” from parents amid an ongoing federal lawsuit.

The Thomas More Society, a Chicago-based legal group, asked the high court to intervene in the case Mirabelli v. Bonta while the dispute works its way through a federal appeals court.

The suit was originally brought by two Christian teachers in California. U.S. District Court Judge Roger Benitez on Dec. 22, 2025, issued a ruling in the class action lawsuit, striking down the secretive school gender policies on First Amendment grounds and holding that parents “have a right” to the “gender information” of their children, while teachers themselves also have the right to provide parents with that information. 

In a Jan. 5 ruling, however, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit blocked Benitez’s order, holding in part that the “public interest in protecting students and avoiding confusion among schoolteachers and administrators” justified a stay.

In an emergency application to the Supreme Court, lawyers with the Thomas More Society argued that the rights of parents, and the health and safety of children, are “too precious” to wait for the appeal to play out.

The high court should strike down the block by the appeals court, the attorneys said, in part because it “strips parents of their core authority with respect to an issue with significant religious and developmental impact.”

Disputes over hiding a student’s “gender identity” from parents have played out in schools around the country in recent years. LGBT advocates claim that teachers and administrators should be allowed to hide student “transitions” in order to keep children safe from parents who may not “affirm” an LGBT identity.

Critics have countered that parents have a right to know important and health-related decisions of their children, particularly concerning “gender identity” beliefs, which often compel young people to seek out drugs and surgeries.

The debate has reached the highest levels of U.S. government. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in August 2025 directed U.S. states to remove gender ideology material from their curricula or face the loss of federal funding, while in February of that year the Department of Education launched an investigation into several Virginia school districts to determine if they violated federal orders forbidding schools from supporting the so-called “transition” of children.

Thomas More Society attorney Paul Jonna this week said California’s “parental deception scheme” is “keeping families in the dark and causing irreparable harm,” necessitating the intervention of the Supreme Court.

“The state is inserting itself unconstitutionally between parents and children, forcing schools to deceive families, and punishing teachers who tell the truth,” he said, adding that “no parent should learn their child was in crisis because the government ordered schools to keep secrets.”

In Augustine’s time, after a period of persecution against the church, a sect of Catholics known as Donatists held a grudge against the Catholics who had appeased their persecutors rather than refused to comply. This grudge led them to deny the sacramental authority of priests who had succumbed to fear, and to reject the baptismal […]

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